Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading health concern worldwide. It has become an absolute necessity to keep improving how we prevent, diagnose, and treat it. Despite significant advancements in treatment procedures, the rapid growth in CAD mortality persists. This chapter looks at how the understanding of CAD has changed over time and explores how precision medicine can help us create better treatment plans. By highlighting recent advancements, the aim is to understand how research progress can enhance patient outcomes and reduce the global burden of CAD. This chapter highlights emerging strategies aimed at improving CAD management. Novel diagnostic modalities, including advanced imaging techniques and biomarkers, are enhancing early disease detection and risk stratification. Therapeutic innovations, such as novel drug classes and targeted delivery systems, are expanding the treatment armamentarium. Interventional cardiology continues to evolve with minimally invasive procedures and improved stent technologies. Regenerative medicine holds promise for repairing damaged heart tissue, while precision medicine offers the potential for personalized treatment strategies. The convergence of these approaches is transforming CAD and cardiac health care, including artificial intelligence (AI) which is emerging to provide an unprecedented potential to transform healthcare. However, rigorous evaluation and equitable access to these advancements are essential. Overcoming challenges through multidisciplinary collaboration is crucial to optimizing patient outcomes and reducing the global burden of CAD.
The anterior pituitary gland, a diminutive yet physiologically pivotal endocrine organ, regulates various bodily functions in order to maintain the hormonal equilibrium within the body. It is situated at the base of the brain in the Sella turcica, originating embryologically from Rathke’s pouch, an ectodermal outgrowth of the oral cavity. Its six hormones are secreted by distinct cell clusters under the control of the hypothalamus. These hormones are often referred to as ‘tropins,’ which stimulate the synthesis and secretion of hormones released by other endocrine glands. Five distinct cell types have been identified in the anterior pituitary: corticotrophs, lactotrophs, thyrotrophs, gonadotrophs, and somatotrophs, responsible for secreting ACTH, PRL, TSH, LH/FSH, and GH, respectively. The secretion of tropic hormones is regulated by a dual-control mechanism involving negative feedback inhibition and positive stimulation by hypothalamic-releasing factors. Excessive release of these hormones can lead to a variety of disorders impacting growth, metabolism, reproductive processes, and physiology as a whole.
ISBN : 978-81-981855-7-0
