An International Academic Publishing Platform for Books, Edited Volumes, Conference Proceedings and Monographs
Editorial Book
PAID ACCESS | Published on : 23-Oct-2026 | Pages: 158-167 | Doi : https://doi.org/10.37446/vol2book092025/158-167
Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.), belonging to the Convolvulaceae family, is a fast-growing semi-aquatic leaf vegetable widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. It is valued for its delicate leaves and shoots, which contain dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, proteins and beneficial biologically active compounds. This chapter describes its plant characteristics, nutritional value, propagation methods, and cultivation techniques including soil preparation, irrigation, nutrient management, and harvesting. Despite its adaptability, rapid growth, and yield potential, water spinach remains underutilized in many regions. Promoting its cultivation, ensuring safe production and developing value-added products can improve dietary diversity, support sustainable gardening and contribute to food and nutritional security.
Ipomoea aquatica, Water spinach, Underutilized vegetables, Botanical characteristics, Nutritional composition, Cultivation practices, Leafy vegetables, Food security
Dubey, R. K., Devi, J., Singh, M. K., & Singh, P. M. (2022). Kashi Manu: A promising variety of water spinach for diversification and economic security. Virtual National Conference on Underutilized Horticultural Genetic Resources: Conservation and Utilization, 2, 1–2.
Edie, H. H., & Ho, B. W. C. (1969). Ipomoea aquatica as a vegetable crop in Hong Kong. Economic Botany, 23, 32–36.
Ibrahim, M. H., Abas, N. A., & Zahra, S. M. (2019). Impact of salinity stress on germination of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). Annual Research and Review in Biology, 31(5), 1–12.
Kaur, J., Rawat, A., Narain, S., Kumar, S., et al. (2016). Taxonomy, phytochemistry, traditional uses and cultivation of Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(10).
Peng, Y., Li, W., & Zhu, J. (2024). Enhancing soil cultivation of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.) and its effects on yield, physiological responses and anatomical structures. Scientia Horticulturae, 338, Article 113723.
Purayil, F. T., Alzaabi, M., Sasi, S., Krishnan, S., Badar, Z., Li, L., & Amiri, K. M. (2025). Emetic modification of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), a genoprotective perennial leafy green. Physiologia Plantarum, 177(3), Article 0257.
Sarkar, R. K., Jana, J. C., & Datta, S. (2014). Effect of cutting frequencies and nitrogen levels on growth, green and seed yield and quality of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 6(2), 545.