PAID ACCESS | Published on : 01-Dec-2025 | Pages: 1-9 | Doi : 10.37446/edibook062025/1-9
In both fundamental and applied science, models of both vertebrates and invertebrates have played a significant role for many years. They have contributed to our understanding of the morphology of cells and organs, the aetiology and prevention of disease, behavioural research, and the creation and evaluation of foods, medications, cosmetics, and other items. They also aid in providing answers for inquiries that cannot be resolved by using only human participants. For the study of complicated multigenic disorders and drug testing, in vivo models are still indispensable, even though alternate non-animal models are being developed. Animal studies frequently yield the most accurate estimations and forecasts of human reactions when human data is lacking.
Biomedical research, Laboratory models, Ethical justification, Disease models, Drug testing
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