Editorial Book
Book Title: Crop Stress Physiology (Volume 1)
PAID ACCESS | Published on : 15-Mar-2024 | Pages: 14-27 |
ROS and Autophagy as Coordinated Regulators of Plant Stress Survival
- Archana Devi E
- Department of Horticulture, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Divyabharathi M C
- Department of Horticulture, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Anbu Sezhian Ambethgar
- Department of Horticulture, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Arumugam Harish
- Department of Horticulture, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Srivignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Horticulture, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract
Plants are continuously exposed to a different environmental stress, such as drought, heat, cold, salt, heavy metal toxicity, nutrient deficiency, and pathogen attack., which reduced photosynthesis, poor water balance, membrane instability, oxidative damage, growth inhibition, and yield loss are all consequences of these stressors' disruption of regular physiological and metabolic processes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy are two of the main molecular mechanisms involved in stress adaptation that are closely related. Mitochondria, peroxisomes, chloroplasts, apoplastic, and plasma membrane-associated NADPH oxidases produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, and singlet oxygen. When present in moderation, ROS serve as signalling molecules that trigger defence mechanisms, antioxidant systems, hormone signalling, and adaptive gene regulation. On the other hand, oxidative damage to nucleic acids, pigments, lipids, proteins, and membranes results from excessive accumulation of ROS. To preserve cellular homeostasis under stress, autophagy functions as a conserved system for the degradation and recycling of oxidised macromolecules, damaged proteins, and damaged organelles. ROS and autophagy have an inverse relationship under stress. ROS can initiate autophagy, and autophagy reduces the oxidative burden by removing damaged ROS-producing organelles, such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, and chloroplasts. Plant survival, immunological modulation, senescence, programmed cell death, and stress recovery are all impacted by this ROS-autophagy interaction, which is significant in both biotic and abiotic stress responses. In addition to offering prospects for the development of crops that are climate-resilient through breeding, biotechnology, genome editing, and enhanced stress management techniques, an understanding of this interplay offers important insights into plant stress physiology.
Keywords
Reactive oxygen species, Autophagy, Plant stress, Oxidative stress, Abiotic stress, Biotic stress, Crop resilience
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