Heart disease in dogs is a significant health issue that often goes unnoticed, especially in India, where there may be limited awareness and resources for diagnosis. Canine heart diseases fall into two main categories: congenital and acquired. Congenital heart diseases, which make up about 5% of cases, are typically seen in young dogs and are usually inherited structural issues. Some common examples include Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), Subaortic Stenosis (SAS), Pulmonic Stenosis (PS), and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). In contrast, acquired heart diseases are much more common, accounting for about 95% of cases. The most prevalent type among these is degenerative valvular disease, particularly in older, small-breed dogs. Other significant conditions include heartworm disease, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in larger breeds, and degenerative mitral valve disease. Echocardiography has become an invaluable tool for diagnosing and managing these heart conditions. This article explores the classification, underlying mechanisms, breed predispositions, and clinical implications of various heart disorders in dogs. It highlights the importance of early detection and thorough veterinary cardiac care to enhance the health and well-being of affected dogs.
Heart disease, Aortic stenosis, Ventricular septal defect, Dilated cardiomyopathy
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