OPEN ACCESS | Published on : 26-Mar-2026 | Pages: 16-28 | Doi : 10.37446/edibook252025/16-28
The melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), is one of the most destructive pests of cucurbits, causing significant yield losses in India and across tropical and subtropical regions. Belonging to the tribe Dacini of the family Tephritidae, Z. cucurbitae is polyphagous, highly fecund, and widely distributed, with infestations reported in all cucurbitaceous crops. Larvae feed internally, forming galleries in fruit pulp, which results in pre and post-harvest damage, fruit distortion, rotting, and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. Effective management requires an integrated approach. Cultural practices, including field sanitation, destruction of fallen and infested fruits, and use of resistant cultivars, disrupt the pest’s life cycle. Mechanical control, such as fruit bagging and pheromone-based male annihilation techniques, reduces adult population and oviposition. Biological control agents, including entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, and parasitoids, provide eco-friendly suppression of larval and pupal stages. Recent biotechnological interventions, such as RNA interference (RNAi) and CRISPR/Cas-9-mediated gene editing, offer species-specific, heritable, and environmentally safe alternatives, targeting genes involved in reproduction, development, and pigmentation. Chemical control remains a last resort due to limited effectiveness against internal feeders and concerns over pesticide residues. A combination of these strategies, tailored to local agro-ecological conditions, forms the basis of a sustainable Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program for melon fruit fly, ensuring reduced crop losses and safer cucurbit production.
Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Integrated pest management, Male attractant lures, Biotechnological tools, Pest biology, Pesticides
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