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Editorial Book
PAID ACCESS | Published on : 06-Nov-2026 | Pages: 120-141 | Doi : https://doi.org/10.37446/edibook212025/120-141
Invasive insect pests continue to emerge and spread across North Africa, a region strategically positioned between sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and Europe, and characterized by a diverse mosaic of irrigated oases, Mediterranean coastal plains, and semi-arid interior rangelands. Major threats include Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), and Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), each of which has substantially reshaped regional pest-management priorities since establishment. Their introduction, establishment, and subsequent spread are jointly shaped by climate, host-plant availability, irrigation, agricultural intensification, and trade networks. CLIMEX and MaxEnt species distribution models applied across these case studies reveal contrasting climatic constraints on establishment, with mild Mediterranean winters favoring warm-adapted invaders while summer heat and aridity restrict humidity-dependent species from the continental interior.We further assess emerging threats already established in Mediterranean Europe and poised to complete an invasion corridor into North Africa, namely Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), and Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), alongside the native migratory desert locust as an instructive institutional counter-case. Drawing on these comparisons, we highlight recurring invasion pathways, propagule-pressure dynamics, and persistent gaps in regional surveillance and cross-border cooperation, and emphasize the need to integrate climate matching, irrigation patterns, host distribution, trade connectivity, and coordinated monitoring to strengthen early-warning capacity and support harmonized integrated pest management strategies across North African agroecosystems.
Species distribution modeling, Propagule pressure, Biosecurity, Mediterranean Basin, Integrated pest management, Phytosanitary surveillance
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