Editorial Book
Book Title: Understanding Plant Physiology in Response to Abiotic Stressors

PAID ACCESS | Published on : 15-Jan-2025 | Pages: 1-6 | Doi : 10.37446/edibook242025/1-6

Introduction to abiotic stresses in plants


  • P. Chandrasekaran
  • Assistant Professor, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, SRMIST, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.

  • S. Ashok
  • Assistant Professor, Adhiparasakthi Agricultural College, Kalavai, Ranipet, Tamil Nadu, India.

  • G. Gayathri
  • PG Scholar, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, Baburayanpettai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract

Abiotic stresses are any external non-living factors affects normal growth and development of plants. Currently, drought, waterlogging, heat and heavy metal stress are notable abiotic stresses due to climate change. As increase in global human population about 8.5 billion by 2030 and 9.7 billion by 2050, abiotic stress can reduce yields by more than 60% in the world. First and foremost, important abiotic stress is water stress. Due to climate change, one part of the world gets higher rainfall and another part of the world get lower rainfall when compare to annual average rainfall. These extreme events cause severe damage to the plants and ultimately reduce the yield. In addition to this, high and low-temperature stress, soil salinity, soil sodicity, high and low radiation stress and high & low light stress reduce the yield and quality of plants. On the other hand, heavy metal stress also heavily reduces the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of plants. These abiotic stresses produce a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and accumulate in the different cell organelles.  These ROS can react with cells and degrade and completely damage the cell membranes. Hence photosynthetic activity of the plant decreases as photosynthetic pigment is present in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast and ultimately it reduces the food production and yield of the plants. This effect can be detoxified by the plant defense mechanisms such as the production of ROS scavenging enzymes/Antioxidants (Catalase, Peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase) and the production of Heat shock proteins (HSPs), Late embryogenesis abundant protein (LEA proteins) and accumulation of compatible osmolytes. This chapter explores the complexities of plant responses to abiotic stress, highlighting potential strategies for mitigating its effects.

Keywords

Abiotic stress classification, Physiological and biochemical changes, Temperature stress, Drought, Waterlogging, Salinity

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