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Editorial Book
Book Title: Integrated Crop Pest Management Using Innovative Approaches

OPEN ACCESS | Published on : 24-Jul-2026 | Pages: 126-138 | Doi : 10.37446/edibook252025/126-138

Emerging Trends in Fruit Fly Diagnostics and its Sustainable Management


  • Twinkle .
  • DST-WISE PDF, Department of Entomology & Agricultural Zoology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.

  • Srinivasa N
  • Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology & Agricultural Zoology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.

  • Varun Arya
  • Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Entomology & Agricultural Zoology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi -221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abstract

Fruit flies are notorious pests of agri-horticultural crops and represent one of the major biotic stresses responsible for reducing economic yield and market value. They are highly polyphagous and feed on both flowers and fruits. Since the larval stages remain concealed inside fruits, it is difficult to identify infested fruits and vegetables, resulting in substantial economic losses. Precise identification of fruit flies at immature stages is almost impossible, while identification at the adult stage is also challenging due to variations in coloration patterns, the presence of cryptic species, and sexual dimorphism, necessitating the involvement of expert taxonomists. Advancements in molecular techniques, such as DNA barcoding, have become important tools for identifying fruit fly species, although certain limitations still exist. Species-specific markers, quantitative PCR (qPCR), multiplex PCR, and isothermal amplification assays have emerged as valuable techniques for species-specific diagnostics. These methods improve the accuracy and speed of identification while reducing diagnostic costs. The management of fruit flies largely depends on male-specific attractants and pheromones, whereas effective female-attractive pheromones are still not available. Pre-harvest fruit bagging has emerged as a cost-effective technique for high-value fruit crops and has been found to reduce fruit fly incidence and damage while providing additional benefits. Post-harvest management approaches, including hot-water treatment, vapour heat treatment, and irradiation, continue to be employed for export commodities to eliminate different developmental stages of fruit flies present in fruits.

Keywords

Fruit flies, Pest, DNA barcoding, PCR, Post-harvest treatment, fruit bagging

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