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Editorial Book
Book Title: Crop Stress Physiology (Volume 1)

PAID ACCESS | Published on : 18-Jul-2024 | Pages: 74-87 |

Breeding Strategies for Improving Stress Tolerance in Fruit Crops


  • Pradeep M
  • Department of Horticulture, School of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.

  • Iniya Barathi R
  • Department of Horticulture, School of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.

  • V Akhila
  • Department of Horticulture, School of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.

  • A. Ramesh Kumar
  • Department of Horticulture, School of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.

  • Srivignesh Sundaresan
  • Department of Horticulture, School of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract

The primary obstacles facing agriculture in the twenty-first century are growing abiotic and biotic stresses such as heat, drought and salinity, pest and disease. These are the main environmental factors affecting the yield and productivity of nearly all fruit crops. Therefore, breeding fruit crops is crucial to improving fruit production quality and minimising the prevalence of biotic and abiotic stress. Historically, Conventional breeding programs involving introduction, selection, hybridisation, mutation, and polyploidization have contributed to the way perennial fruit crops develop resilience to stresses.  However, these breeding procedures are normally lengthy, and the level of genetic variation is low owing to the limited germplasm used. Modern molecular breeding techniques like marker-assisted selection, genetic transformation, genomic selection, RNA interference, somatic hybridisation, and CRISPR/Cas9 have helped increase the speed of developing stress-tolerant varieties. It has been proposed that modern breeding approaches and procedures facilitate the fruit crop stress tolerance and provide high levels of precision. In this chapter, an overall discussion of traditional and molecular approaches utilised for enhancing stress resilience by both biotic and abiotic in important fruits such as citrus, mango, grape, apple, guava, and papaya has been presented. Crop-specific applications emphasise key technologies including marker-assisted backcross breeding, transgenic rootstocks, and CRISPR-based gene editing. The chapter proposes reviewing current challenges and future breeding prospects, such as the use of omics technology and speed breeding platforms to create climate-resilient fruit crop variants.

Keywords

Biotic, Abiotic, Breeding methods, Stress tolerance

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