Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) is an economically important tropical fruit crop valued for its fresh consumption, processing quality, nutraceutical properties, and adaptability to diverse agro-climatic conditions. Conventional breeding in pineapple has been constrained by biological limitations such as long juvenile phase, self-incompatibility, high heterozygosity, vegetative propagation, and narrow genetic base of commercial cultivars. In recent decades, advanced breeding technologies integrating biotechnology, genomics, and precision breeding tools have emerged as powerful approaches to accelerate pineapple improvement. This chapter comprehensively discusses the role of modern breeding technologies including mutation breeding, polyploidy induction, tissue culture and somaclonal variation, molecular markers, genomics-assisted breeding, genetic transformation, genome editing, and emerging omics approaches in enhancing yield, fruit quality, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in pineapple. The integration of these advanced tools with conventional breeding strategies is emphasized for sustainable pineapple improvement.