The agricultural industry faces significant challenges in ensuring food security as the global population rises and the climate crisis intensifies. Abiotic stressors are widely recognized for reducing crop yield potential and hindering agricultural development worldwide. Among these stressors, water logging, drought, salinity, and heavy metal (HM) contamination are the primary factors that negatively affect plant growth and agricultural productivity. In response to these stresses, plants activate a range of defence mechanisms that alter their biochemical and morpho-physiological processes. Traditional fertilization methods often fail to address these issues effectively, resulting in nutrient losses and environmental degradation. In contrast, nanofertilizers have emerged as a promising alternative, offering enhanced nutrient bioavailability, precise delivery, and improved plant stress tolerance and thus nano-technology is expanding rapidly in nutrient management sector for sustainable crop production.
Nanofertilizers, Abiotic stress, Sustainable agriculture, Nutrient delivery, Efficient nutrient management
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